TNM Prostate Cancer Staging

Tumor

• Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
• T0: no evidence of a primary tumor
• T1: clinically in apparent tumor neither palpable not visible by imaging
• T1a: incidental histology – <5% of resected tissue
• T1b: incidental histology – >5% of resected tissue
• T1c: increased PSA and subsequent identification by needle biopsy
• T2: tumor confined within prostate
• T2a: half of one lobe or less
• T2b: greater than half of one lobe, none in other
• T2c: both lobes
• T3: tumor extends through capsule
• T3a: extracapsular extravasion
• T3b: tumor invades seminal vesicles
• T4: tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than the seminal vesicles (external sphincter, rectum, bladder, lavator muscles, and/or pelvic wall).

Node

• Nx: regional lymph nodes not assessed
• N0: no lymph node metastasis
• N1: metastasis in regional node(s)

Metastasis

• M0: no distant metastasis
• M1a: non-regional lymph node(s)
• M1b: bone(s)
• M1c: other sites with or without bone disease
• When more than 1 site of metastasis is present give advanced stage (M1c) is given