First – look to see what the person’s sodium is
Second – what is their volume status
The most important thing about hyponatremia is don’t correct more than 8 to 12 mmol/L per day!!!
Also, the paper titled “The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis” by Ellison and Berl (N Engl J Med 2007;356:2064-72) is very useful.
It seems as though the clotting cascade is something you can study over and over again and it never sticks.
HEPARIN affects factor VIII in the INTRINSIC pathway and this is measured using PTT (partial thromboplastin time)
WARFARIN affects the vitamin K dependent synthesis of some clotting factors (purple in the image), particularly factor VII in the EXTRINSIC pathway and this is measured using PT (prothombin time) or INR (International Normalized Ratio, which is derived from the PT)