TNM Prostate Cancer Staging
Tumor
- Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of a primary tumor
- T1: clinically in apparent tumor neither palpable not visible by imaging
- T1a: incidental histology – <5% of resected tissue
- T1b: incidental histology – >5% of resected tissue
- T1c: increased PSA and subsequent identification by needle biopsy
- T2: tumor confined within prostate
- T2a: half of one lobe or less
- T2b: greater than half of one lobe, none in other
- T2c: both lobes
- T3: tumor extends through capsule
- T3a: extracapsular extravasion
- T3b: tumor invades seminal vesicles
- T4: tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than the seminal vesicles (external sphincter, rectum, bladder, lavator muscles, and/or pelvic wall).
Node
- Nx: regional lymph nodes not assessed
- N0: no lymph node metastasis
- N1: metastasis in regional node(s)
Metastasis
- M0: no distant metastasis
- M1a: non-regional lymph node(s)
- M1b: bone(s)
- M1c: other sites with or without bone disease
- When more than 1 site of metastasis is present give advanced stage (M1c) is given